Manajemen Risiko Paparan Getaran Mekanis Alat Konstruksi terhadap Bangunan Sekitar

Didit Darmawan; Max Biaggie Araya  Kautsar; Putri Syafa Az-Zahra; Rahayu Mardikaningsih; Mohammad Djaelani

doi:10.33751/teknik.v27i1.52

Penulis

Didit Darmawan Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya
Max Biaggie Araya Kautsar Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya
Putri Syafa Az-Zahra Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya
Rahayu Mardikaningsih Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya
Mohammad Djaelani Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33751/teknik.v27i1.52

Kata Kunci:

paparan kebisingan, getaran mekanis, alat berat, kerusakan bangunan, gangguan masyarakat.

Abstrak

Pengoperasian alat berat di lokasi konstruksi menghasilkan kebisingan dan getaran mekanis yang merambat melalui tanah dan memengaruhi bangunan serta komunitas di sekitarnya. Studi literatur kualitatif ini meneliti pendekatan manajemen risiko untuk paparan kebisingan dan getaran dari mesin konstruksi. Sumber kebisingan meliputi mesin diesel, sistem hidrolik, dan benturan bucket dengan material keras. Getaran berasal dari pemancangan tiang, pemadatan tanah, dan pergerakan kendaraan beroda rantai. Metode pengukuran menggunakan pengukur tingkat suara dan akselerometer memerlukan kalibrasi dan penempatan sensor yang tepat. Langkah-langkah pengendalian di sumbernya meliputi pemilihan peralatan yang lebih tenang, perawatan knalpot secara berkala, dan pemancangan tiang hidrolik sebagai pengganti palu diesel. Pengendalian jalur meliputi penghalang kebisingan, penggalian parit, dan pengaturan jarak. Pengendalian penerima meliputi pelindung telinga untuk pekerja dan kaca ganda untuk tempat tinggal di dekatnya. Pemantauan berkelanjutan dengan sensor nirkabel memungkinkan peringatan pelanggaran secara real time dan tindakan korektif yang cepat.

Kata Kunci : paparan kebisingan, getaran mekanis, alat berat, kerusakan bangunan, gangguan masyarakat.

ABSTRACT

Heavy equipment operation on construction sites generates noise and mechanical vibration that propagate through soil and affect nearby buildings and communities. This qualitative literature study examines risk management approaches for noise and vibration exposure from construction machinery. Noise sources include diesel engines, hydraulic systems, and bucket impacts with hard materials. Vibration originates from pile driving, soil compaction, and tracked vehicle movement. Measurement methods using sound level meters and accelerometers require proper calibration and sensor placement. Control measures at the source include selecting quieter equipment, regular exhaust maintenance, and hydraulic pile drivers instead of diesel hammers. Path controls involve noise barriers, trench cutting, and distance arrangement. Receiver controls comprise hearing protection for workers and double glazing for nearby residences. Continuous monitoring with wireless sensors enables real time violation alerts and prompt corrective actions.

Keywords: noise exposure, mechanical vibration, heavy equipment, building damage, community disturbance.

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